What is a Ghost Gun? A Complete 2024 Guide for Beginners

The term “ghost gun” is frequently used by the media, often surrounded by confusion and misinformation. In simple terms, a “ghost gun” is a colloquial name for a Privately Made Firearm (PMF). This is a firearm that an individual builds for personal use, which, under federal law, is a long-standing American tradition.

This guide will clarify what these firearms are, explain the components used to build them, and provide a clear, factual starting point for anyone interested in lawfully building their own firearm.

Defining the “Ghost Gun”: What It Is (and Isn’t)

A PMF is not a specific type of weapon. Rather, it refers to any firearm—be it a pistol, rifle, or shotgun—that is completed from a component that is not yet legally classified as a firearm.

The Core Component: The 80% Receiver or Frame: The only part of a firearm that is legally considered a “firearm” by the ATF is the receiver (for a rifle) or the frame (for a pistol). An “80% receiver” is an unfinished piece of metal or polymer that is not yet legally a firearm because it requires the builder to perform specific milling or drilling operations to make it functional.
Not a “3D-Printed Gun” by Default: While a firearm made with a 3D-printed frame is a type of PMF, the term “ghost gun” most commonly refers to firearms built from commercially available 80% kits.
Not Invisible or Undetectable: PMFs are made of metal and polymer, just like firearms produced by major manufacturers. They are detectable by metal detectors and X-ray machines.

How Does an 80% Ghost Gun Kit Work?

An 80% kit provides you with all the necessary components to assemble a complete, functional firearm. The process involves taking the unfinished frame or receiver and making it a finished one.

The 80% Frame/Receiver: This is the core of your kit. It is missing key holes and cavities that are required for the fire control group.
The Jig: A jig is a precision tool that holds the 80% frame securely and provides a template, showing you exactly where to drill holes or remove material. Using a quality jig is essential for a safe and functional build.
The Lower/Upper Parts: Once the frame is completed, you assemble the firearm using the remaining parts included in the kit, such as the trigger assembly, slide, barrel, and springs.

The result is a reliable firearm that you built yourself.

The Legal Landscape: What You Must Know

Building a firearm for personal use is federally legal. However, the legal landscape is complex and varies by state and city.

Federal Law: Under federal law, an individual who is not prohibited from owning a firearm can manufacture one for personal use without a serial number. You cannot, however, build a firearm with the intent to sell it without being a licensed manufacturer.
State and Local Laws: This is the most critical part. Some states have specific laws regarding 80% kits, serialization requirements, and background checks. You are responsible for knowing and following these laws.

Before starting any build, consult our [Educational Resources – Learn to Build Safely page] for guidance on how to research your local regulations.

Start Your Build with Confidence

Building your own firearm is a rewarding project that connects you to a rich American tradition. By starting with a quality kit and a clear understanding of the process, you can build a reliable firearm with confidence.

Ready to learn more? Explore our selection of vetted, high-quality kits.